Is it arthritis?

Arthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterised by the progressive breakdown of the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones in a joint. This cartilage acts as a shock absorber, allowing smooth, pain-free movement. When it deteriorates, bones rub against each other, causing inflammation, pain, and reduced mobility. Over time, the body tries to repair the damage by laying down new bone, leading to bony outgrowths (osteophytes) that further stiffen the joint.

While it can affect any dog, certain factors increase the risk:

• Age: It's more common in older dogs, though it can occur at any age.

• Breed: Larger breeds like Labradors, German Shepherds, and Golden Retrievers are predisposed due to their size and conformation.

• Genetics: Some breeds are genetically prone to developmental joint conditions (e.g., hip or elbow dysplasia) that lead to early onset arthritis.

• Obesity: Excess weight puts immense stress on joints, accelerating cartilage wear.

• Previous Injuries: Ligament tears (like cruciate ligament ruptures) or fractures can predispose a joint to future arthritis.

  

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Recognising the Signs: It's Not Always a Limp

Arthritis pain can be subtle and often progresses slowly. Dogs are incredibly stoic and masters at hiding discomfort. Instead of an obvious limp, watch for these quieter indicators:

• Stiffness: Especially after resting, or first thing in the morning.

• Reluctance to move: Hesitation to jump, climb stairs, or get into the car.

• Reduced activity or playfulness: Less enthusiastic about walks or games.

• Difficulty getting up or lying down.

• Changes in gait: A subtle "bunny hop" when running, or favouring a limb.

• Licking or chewing at a painful joint.

• Irritability or changes in temperament: Pain can make dogs grumpy or less tolerant.

• Muscle wastage in affected limbs.

Managing Arthritis: A Multi-Modal Approach

While arthritis is a progressive condition and cannot be cured, its pain can be effectively managed to maintain your dog's comfort and mobility. The key is a multi-modal approach tailored to your dog's specific needs:

1. Weight Management: This is paramount. Even a few extra kilos can make a huge difference to joint load.

2. Medication: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are a cornerstone of pain management, reducing inflammation and pain. Other medications, like gabapentin or amantadine, may be used for nerve pain or chronic discomfort.

3. Joint Supplements: Glucosamine and chondroitin, often combined, support cartilage health and may help reduce inflammation. Omega-3 fatty acids also have anti-inflammatory properties.

4. Physical Therapy & Exercise: Low-impact, controlled exercise like gentle walks or hydrotherapy (swimming, underwater treadmill) can maintain muscle mass, improve flexibility, and reduce joint stiffness without excessive strain.

5. Environmental Modifications: Soft bedding, ramps to help access beds or cars, and non-slip mats on floors can make a big difference at home.

6. Other Therapies: Acupuncture, therapeutic laser, and regenerative medicine (e.g., PRP) are emerging as valuable adjunct therapies for some dogs.

If you suspect your dog is showing signs of arthritis, don't just put it down to "old age." A visit to your veterinarian for an accurate diagnosis and a discussion of tailored management options can significantly improve your dog's comfort and allow them to enjoy their golden years to the fullest.